果蝇引诱物的引诱效果与杨梅甜度、反光率的关系

经室内筛选,得到一果蝇引诱物,并对其进行田间引诱效果试验。结果发现,在杨梅逐渐成熟至干枯过程中,杨梅甜度先增加后减少,反光率越来越低,果蝇引诱物的引诱效果则呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势。     

拟垫跗螋生物学特性的研究

拟垫跗螋是为害造纸原料荻和芦的害虫（蚜虫、蓟马、螨等）的重要捕食性天敌。在湖南洞庭湖区一年发生２代，以成虫和若虫在残杆、渣叶和土缝中越冬。成虫寿命第１代约４个月，第２代连越冬达１０个月。雌雄性比约５４。雌雄均可多次交尾，有的雌虫产卵后又可交尾。每头雌虫的产卵量平均３９．３粒。卵期平均６．５天。若虫期第１代近４个月，第２代连越冬约９个月。大田消长主要受地势高低、洪水、农药、食物等因素影响。并对保护利用跗螋控制害虫的措施进行了讨论     

Prevention of progeny formation in Drosophila melanogaster by 1-arylimidazole-2(3H)-thiones

Effects of 1-arylimidazole-2(3H)-thiones (AITs) and 1-(substituted benzyl)imidazole-2(3H)-thiones (BITs) were tested on progeny formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Some AITs showed inhibitory activities at laying eggs and delayed eclosion by 1 day. The inhibitory activity was nullified by adding octopamine (OA) or noradrenaline (NA) to the medium for progeny formation in D. melanogaster. The effect of AIT on the contents of OA and NA was analyzed in adults of D. melanogaster by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Flies fed with AIT decreased OA and NA levels and increased TA content. Taken together, the inhibitory activity of AIT could be due to inhibition of tyramine β-hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase.     

乌鸡黑色素在果蝇体内排铅解毒的研究

以黄体果蝇为实验动物,研究2种乌鸡黑色素添加水平(0.02mg/mL和0.2mg/mL)对果蝇在高铅(2mg/mL)条件下平均寿命和体内铅含量的影响。结果表明:乌鸡黑色素能显著提高果蝇的平均寿命(P<0.05),延寿率达70.2%和54.9%。与阳性对照(1262.0±363.1)μg/g相比,添加0.2mg/mL黑色素能显著(P<0.05)降低果蝇体内铅含量(949.7±38.4)μg/g达32.9%。因此,乌鸡黑色素对果蝇具有一定排铅解毒作用。     

果蝇对云南杨梅的危害及发生规律研究初报

通过对云南杨梅主产区的果蝇种类鉴定、栖息场所及危害发生规律调查,结果表明：危害云南杨梅果实的主要害虫为双翅目（Diptera）果蝇科（Drosopilidaes）果蝇属（Drosophila）果蝇.果蝇广泛分布于杨梅园及其周边多种生态环境,具有发酵物、潮湿阴凉的生态环境,是果蝇栖息的主要场所和主要虫源;成虫的日活动高峰期为清晨和黄昏;果蝇对杨梅发生危害时期较早,杨梅生长中后期,果实肉质生硬,味酸稍甜时即被果蝇取食危害,随着杨梅的不断成熟,危害加剧,且果蝇对不同杨梅品种的危害程度和空间分布存在显著差异.     

花椒潜叶甲的生物学特性观察及防治试验

花椒潜叶甲Ｐｏｄａｇｒｉｃｏｍｅｉａｓｈｉｒａｈａｔａｉ（Ｃｈｕｊｏ）是花椒的主要害虫，是影响花椒生产的重要因素之一。木文报导作者对发生在山西黎城山区花椒上的花椒潜叶甲生物学特性观察和防治试验结果。     

用改良苯酚品红染色液改进果蝇唾液腺巨大染色体制片法

本实验选用果蝇三龄幼虫活体进行解剖、剥离唾腺，采用改进的实验方法得到非常清晰的果蝇唾腺染色体图形。     

樱桃果蝇田间诱捕方法比较*

 通过田间试验，比较了糖醋液和香蕉气味对樱桃果蝇（Drosophila suzukii）的引诱效果。结果显示，5种（A，B，C，D，E）不同组份配比的糖醋液均以诱集雌虫为主，其中糖醋液B的效果最好。改变糖醋液中白酒与食用醋的比例对糖醋液诱集樱桃果蝇成虫的效果没有显著影响。香蕉气味对樱桃果蝇成虫表现出显著的引诱效果，所诱到的成虫性比超过6∶1。在诱捕器上加挂红色气球后可加强糖醋液对成虫的诱集效果，但不能显著改变所诱得的成虫雌雄比。     

Spotted wing drosophila infestation of California strawberries and raspberries: economic analysis of potential revenue losses and control costs

BACKGROUND: Economic costs of spotted wing drosophila (SWD) include yield and associated revenue losses, labor and material costs for monitoring and management and revenue losses due to the closure of export markets should fruit from SWD‐infested regions be banned by trading partners. This analysis focuses on two types of loss in the California raspberry and strawberry industries: yield losses in the absence of management, and insecticide material costs on a per treatment basis. It computes the cost of a specific management program for raspberries in California's Central Coast region. RESULTS: Insecticide material and application costs per treatment and the cost of the management program are small relative to the yield losses in the absence of management that are observed by growers, researchers and others in initial infestations. CONCLUSION: It is difficult to evaluate precisely the share of pest management program costs due to SWD because insecticides are sometimes used to manage multiple pests, and because labor‐intensive field sanitation efforts to control SWD are recommended practices already. Given these considerations, this analysis finds that the benefits to SWD management well outweigh the costs examined here. Evaluating the efficacy of managing SWD is essential in assessing the risks that SWD poses and the benefits of pest management programs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry